American Ethnic Literature Essay

American Literature has been an important part of American people for centuries. What makes this type of literature great is that the authors vision is objective and not one sided. Several of the American authors are still considered to be great writers. The books that were written by these authors are still read by people of all ages around the United States. These books are now considered classic literature. American literature is considered American because it was written by American people. Overall, â€Å"editors appear to use an inconsistent combination of citizenship, geographical location, language, and subject matter (that is, the subject of America and the United States) (Hames- Garcia, p. 1, 2003). Most of the American literature was written by white men. In order to be considered American literature it has to be about the United States. There have been many great authors that write about science fiction, but because it is unreal their literature is not considered American literature. Politics also played an important role in literature. It was of great importance to portray the American character as an â€Å"exceptional entity† (Hames-Garcia, p. 1, 2003). In the early twentieth century, writers who were not American white men were not allowed to publish their works. Women writers as well as Black, Latino, American Indian, and immigrant writers were left out altogether. This happened because other ethnic groups were considered to be inferior. It was until the 1970s that feminist began to speak out and rebel against the oppression they were faced with. It is thanks to this reform that the American literature holds diversity. It allows for men and women to have the same opportunity to express their feelings without having to worry about their race or sex. Another type of literature is ethnic literature. This type of literature is often read as an autobiography, even when making no such claims. This is written on a first person point of view. The author’s point of view is specific to their personal beliefs and life stories. It is difficult for this type of author to provide an objectionable story. They are blinded by anger because of what they had to live. The topics these authors write about covers racism and suppression. The definitions and topics will vary depending on the life experiences that each author or their families experienced. The storyline will also vary because each author lived different time periods, and of course things change over time. Ethnic Literature is great because it now holds different point of views. Every person has a different perspective on what happens around them. What allows for this to be great is that each person is entitled not only to have their own belief, but they are able to express their feelings with freedom. No person is afraid of what repercussion might come because they decided to write from their heart. The truth allows readers to realize that life has been harder for some people more than others. It is easy to forget what our ancestors had to experience in order for each individual to encounter freedom. It is now easy for men and women of all races to walk freely around their city. This however came at a price, and this type of literature allows human beings to read and experience in some small way what it was like to live in a world were the color of your skin as well as your sex had a lot to do with the quality of life you lived. American Literature will continue to play an important role in American people. The only way to enjoy this type of literature is to introduce our younger generations to it. This is the perfect material needed to give to young readers so that they can value the lifestyle they are allowed to live today. It is up to us to keep this tradition alive so that our future generation can enjoy it as well. Reference Michael Hames-Garcia. (2003). Which America is ours? Marti’s â€Å"Truth† and the foundations of â€Å"American literature†. Modern Fiction Studies, 49(1), 19-53. Retrieved October 25, 2009, from Research Library. (Document ID: 328665241). Yonjae Jung. (2004). The New Americanist Intervention into the Canon. American Studies International, 42(2/3), 213-225. Retrieved October 26, 2009, from Research Library. (Document ID: 676208971).

Macbeth and Richard Nixon Essay

The tragic hero is an exceptional being capable of greatness. He often sets himself up as equal to superior to the cosmic powers, or at least he seems himself as an extraordinary man. This hero has a flaw. The hero falls from a high place of stature and pride. The tragic hero is in some way responsible for their fall and ultimately realizes their flaw too late before they are punished. Macbeth and Richard M. Nixon are tragic hero’s for these reasons. Macbeth is a tragic hero because he is capable of greatness he was born into a wealth family. Macbeth is the thane of Glamis and is a good general. King Duncan rewarded him for be so loyal to Scotland and for being brave in the battle against Norway and gave him the title thane of Cawdor. Richard Nixon is also tragic hero in some ways he is different from Macbeth and in other ways, he is the same as Macbeth. Richard Nixon unlike Macbeth was not born in to a wealthy family Richard Nixon is the son of a grocer, he was born on 9th January 1913. His father owned a small lemon farm in Yorba Linda, California. A good student, Nixon graduated from Whittier College in 1934. Macbeth has a weakness his ambition the witches and his wife Lady Macbeth control him by exploiting his ambition to be king. Macbeth has ambition to be king but at the same time, they brought his ambition to be king out his more. Lady Macbeth uses his ambition to get him to kill King Duncan. Similar to Macbeth Nixon’s weakness is his ambition to be president. Nixon’s ambition is the reason why he did all the things he did o become and to stay president such as cover ups ,phone taps. The three witches told Macbeth that he would be thane of Glamis, of Cawdor and he would be king. When two of the three predictions came, true Macbeth wanted to be king more. Lady Macbeth convinced Macbeth to kill King Duncan because he wanted the third prediction to come true. Macbeth killed King Duncan and became king. Macbeth became paranoid of someone taking the throne from him and kills people who were his friend, Mac duff family, servant, banqou, fleance. Lady Macbeth committed suicide due to the guilty of having murdered king Duncan. The lords abandon Macbeth and then Mac duff attacks with solider to take back the crown and give to Malcolm the true heir. Macbeth is behead and me his end. Richard Nixon and Macbeth are similar because they both made it to fame, high status, power, and the make a wrong decision. During his campaign for re-election, a break-in occurred on the night of June 17, 1972, as five burglars entered the Democratic National Committee offices inside the Watergate office building in Washington. This was just the start of problems for Nixon people suspected that he was connected but he denied it. Many questionable choices were made and cover-ups were found this all lead to his resignation of the presidency on Friday, August 9. Macbeth did not know if he should kill Duncan because two of the predictions came true on their own. When Macbeth goes to kill the king and is walking down the hallway, he has mixed feelings on what he should do then he sees a dagger going toward Duncan and deicide to do it. Macbeth thinks about what he is doing when he is standing over Duncan who is sleep but then murders him when he wakes up and sees the dagger. Both Macbeth and Nixon suffered had conflict. Richard Nixon suffered when ran and lost in many different elections. The conflict Richard Nixon had when he decided he was never going to run again in any election but then came back and ran for president. Macbeth’s nemesis is Mac duff because in the story, Macbeth has Mac duff’s entire family and their servant murdered . The murder of Mac duff’s family meant that Mac duff would want revenge. In the end Mac duff and Macbeth fight. During the fight, Macduff tells Macbeth that he was not of woman born, but rather â€Å"from his mother’s womb† (A5. S10. L15–16 Macbeth). The witches said that only someone who was not born by a woman can kill Macbeth and that is Mac duff who was taken from his mother’s womb not born by her. Although I would say Richard Nixon does not have a nemesis. Nixon did run unsuccessfully for the presidency in 1960, losing by a very close amount to John F. Kennedy. The tragic hero is an exceptional being capable of greatness. He often sets himself up as equal to superior to the cosmic powers, or at least he seems himself as an extraordinary man. This hero has a flaw. The hero falls from a high place of stature and pride. The tragic hero is in some way responsible for their fall and ultimately realizes their flaw too late before they are punished. That is why Macbeth and Richard M. Nixon are tragic hero’s.

Houzit Homewares Essay

Company Introduction For this particular marketing assignment we are looking at an organisation based in the leafy suburb of Brisbane. The business is a home wares stores chain by two friends and business partners who have invested quite a huge sum of money and are running the business smoothly, but as always see the need for more growth and more profits on balance sheet. The strategies of the business have to completely match or outlive that of the rivals of the business so as to meet and obtain any growth. The current size of the organisation is not as big as some of the rivals in the area. The chain compromises of 15 stores and has a big head office and a management centre at Milton. Staff is also not as huge as some of the other hotels in the area. The strengths of the business are casual professional attitude to dealing with customer which many of them love as it gives them a feeling of home away from home and other strength of the business is the good repute that it has built over the years in the homewares world with its quality fittings etc. The weakness of the business being some of the rivals have better shelf products and have better prices and better visibility and presence in the market. Houzit business, in order to further the profits and help more financial and presence growth would have to take some steps and apply some marketing strategies and tactics in order to gain that profitability. Organizational Review This assignment is divided into two tasks: Task 1 is the preparation of a report and Task 2 relates to the development of a marketing plan for Houzit. Houzit is considered to be a famous chain of homewares stores in Brisbane offering wide range of bathroom fittings, mirrors, bedroom fitting and decorative items to its customers. The analysis of each of the aspect of the company overview is provided under the following heads. Strategic direction and Organizational objectives The strategic directions of Houzit can be ascertained from the company’s vision and mission. Houzit is a national retail brand that is satisfying the home makers’ needs by providing them unique, wide variety of quality homeware products with an easy payment procedure. The mission of the company asserts that the organization is planning to move towards enlargement of its business by ensuring its presence in all the major cities of Australian market by the year 2020. The basic focus of the company is on three parameters: Quality, Unique items and Selection The following are the stated objectives of the organization (Houzit): To bring an annual sales increase of $ 5 million by moving the sales figures from $15 million per year to %20 million per year during the next three years period. To enhance the list of loyal customers from 10,000 to 15,000 Considering Brisbane as a potential market, brand recognition need to be established so that one out of every 3 people will recognise the Houzit brand in a random survey that is conducted in 18 months’ time. Current size, capabilities and resources of the organization Houzit has completed almost five years of its operations. This part basically relates to the characteristics of each of the store that is under the platform of Houzit. Current size of each of the Houzit store: 1000-1500 m2 Capabilities: Each of the Houzit store has a capacity to generate the following sales breakup Bathroom fittings: 30% Bedrooms furnishings: 35% Mirrors and decorative items: 20% Lighting fixtures: 15% Resources: 15-20 fulltime employees along with number of casual workers Gaps between the objectives and the current capabilities and resources Gap analysis serves as the tool that will help to decide between multiple marketing options (Precision Group, 2009). The objectives that are set by Houzit are difficult to be achieved with the current capabilities and resources. It is because company has limited number of employees. In addition to it, the focus with which company operates to have its stores as bright and comfortable for shopping is not in alignment with the legislations that are put forth by the government. In this manner Houzit will have a gap between the objectives set for the company and the current strategies, capabilities and resources of the company. Opportunities With the help of external environment analysis, a company will be able to  develop a list of opportunities and threats that are provided by the environmental factors (David, 2006). This section of task 1 highlights the two major opportunities for Houzit along with their analysis. The first marketing opportunity that will be chosen to meet the demand in growth of overall business all across metropolitan Brisbane and as well as other parts of Australia would be mobility business, which encompasses the help of mobile apps and mobile webpages and desktop apps and desktop dedicated pages to online commerce of the business to be visible and appealing to the customers all around. They cannot just live by having a website and no online store in this modern day and age where everything from a small pin to an aircraft is being traded online. Most successful business people know where they fit in. It’s important because knowing what you have to offer determines how you approach the business. And one of the early questions for the business starter is one of growth: most of the small companies that get noticed in the media are of the fast-growing variety. But fast growth also means higher risk – the cash flow problems of a fast-growing business can be the same as an insolvent company. So decide if you want to grow fast – which will mean taking debt or giving away equity – or whether you are happy with manageable size and predictable revenues.   There’s nothing wrong with a conservative strategy: think of all the lawyers, accountants, retailers and tradies who may only employ two or three people but they are successful because their skills, products or technology are such that they can create a premium. So, having decided what the business owes you, and what kind of growth you will need to achieve it, you will need to do what the best business people do: plan. The clichà © goes that businesspeople don’t plan to fail, they fail to plan. Harsh but true. Even a one-page business plan is better than winging it. Making a plan and committing it to paper forces you to focus not only on your strengths, but your weaknesses. Since Houzit does not have any online presence whatsoever leaving aside their only presence in yellow pages and online address directory. So, after having realised that their current online presence is unable to generate any  business online which is budding day by day in every sector of life, we should contract a company specialist in building webpages and mobile apps and mobile webpages Mobile SBMS to create a totally new website. The new website will need to allow for growth in the e-commerce sector as well as providing the ability for continual updating of the website to showcase new products, services and their ever growing portfolio. This is only going to come across as a reality if the business is ready to provide the backend services in the warehouses on a large scale as if the demand outstrips the supply, it is going to bring about negative reputation from the customers and in today’s world online reputation is something that the business strive on. The outcome is an e-commerce website designed with the Mobile branding behind it, incorporating all 3 arms of their business. The time frames for the project have to be extremely tight and the company that should be employed to do the job should be the one which can be trusted upon in terms of punctuality and efficiency. The second marketing opportunity is to offer more and more unique products than rivals of Houzit in home ware sectors which cannot be attained while they are making the products in Australia on a small business line. The current trend in home wares is toward handmade rather than mass produced items and this creates an opportunity for getting started in import. Import will solve two sides of the business and will serve both the marketing strategies right as this will help in meeting the backend demand that would be generated by having online presence and increasing e-commerce business. There are things to consider before you go ahead and start buying. The first thing to do is to find out if you are legally allowed to import the product into Australia and if you need a permit. Some materials are banned or will need special treatment. For example, some items need to be quarantined and fumigated due to possible pest contamination. * Items made with plant or animal products such as bamboo plates or bone carvings. * Packaging materials are often made of wood and plant materials. * Decorative touches to your products may be made of plant materials. You need to list what materials were used in the making of the product so that you can have them properly treated. ICON has a list of import requirements for all  commodities including what documentation you will need. Sourcing and manufacturing and controlling the quality of home wares can be a big job. Each item that you choose is subject to different standards and import regulations. Does it meet the Australian Safety Standards? Drawstrings on blinds can be hazardous. There could be lead in your chinaware or even in the paint that it was decorated with. Have them assessed for safety. What about the duty payable? Some tariffs may be reduced depending on where your item was made but that requires a certificate of origin. Customs need your records including product list, insurance and freight papers so they can calculate the duty payable and ensure smooth Customs clearance. You also need to be sure that your goods have the correct classification so that the right amount of duty is paid.

Review on the readings below Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Review on the readings below - Essay Example At full capacity of its pipeline, Azerbaijan’s revenues rose to $20 billion, growing by a third every year (De Waal 171). In 1994, the government signed a $10 billion contract with nine foreign companies, which created the Azerbaijan International Operating Company (AIOC). From these contracts, Azerbaijan used oil to become a politically visible country. Until present times, Caspian energy remains a strategic tool in the political decisions and foreign affairs of the U.S. in the region. Thomas de Waal is a British journalist and a writer on the Caucasus. He is a valid source on the Caspian issues because he has written several books and articles on them. What is most interesting in the chapter is how oil has become the center of political battlefield in Azerbaijan. The familiarity with such issues is only in the Middle East, but it is clear that the South Caucasus also presented the same political-economic nexus. The chapter is relevant to the course because it shows how widespread the oil war is, both economically and politically. Chapter 7 narrates the rise of modern Georgia, its Rose Revolution and other internal and regional conflicts. The Rose Revolution of November 2003 aimed to establish a democratic society and to enhance human rights and living conditions. At the same time, it wanted to decrease corruption and improve the national economy. Corruption was most prominent in 1999, under President Eduard Shevardnadze. Dismal economic conditions lasted until 2003. The Rose Revolution was initiated by the military to generate political and economic changes. However, conflicts continued afterwards because of the failure of the new government in addressing reforms and the remaining tension between Georgia and Russia. Chapter 7 provides a good example of a government that was changed from within through military intervention and not through any other popular

Summary Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 25

Summary - Assignment Example On the weaker side it has, Low amount of capital in hand that brings low production capacity. This creates a higher final product prices because of the production capacity and volume. Besides its also has limited distribution channels. The product had a major opportunity in form of large scale sales opportunity because of the unavailability of the product in the country. It also faces threats such as similar product from competitors such as Coca-Cola, which also come with low prices and better sales promotion. These also have larger distribution channels. The product will ride on the market base created by its predecessors. It will also come under the category of premium cola. The packaging will be done in the manner that consumer are use to from the other Redbull brands. Same can and four cans per packet. In order to be at the same level with other cola brands, the price will be between $2.00-$3.00 CND for every can. This will help appeal to the consumers. The main promotional strategy will be use of social media especially Facebook. Targeted consumers will be able to like the page then the page will be redirected to the user’s friends’ pages as a suggested page. This is most effective in terms of cost and target audience given that most of the youth engage in social media. Distribution of the product will be in a similar fashion as other Redbull brands: it will be sold in local convenience stores, gas stations, grocery stores, and bars and

Unit 2 Bus Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Unit 2 Bus - Assignment Example This is useful in enhancing a student’s problem solving skills and allows them to engage in relevant and related discussions with classmates and professors (Ronstadt, 2004). For the purpose of paper I will write on the additional insight gained in relation to Hill and Jones book, specifically analyzing a case study. According to Hill & Jones, a case study offers a suitable way to examine how a companys past policy and configuration influence it in the present and to chart the critical incidents in its history that is, the events that were the most unusual or the most vital for its development into the company it is at present (2013). Some of the events have to do with its naissance, how it makes new product market decisions, and its initial products. It could also revolve around how it developed and chose functional strong points to pursue. Its shifts in its main lines of business and entrance into new businesses are also important milestones to consider. Identifying the companys internal strengths and weaknesses is also important because once the historical outline is completed; one can commence to the SWOT analysis. It is necessary to use all the incidents that have been charted to come up with an report of the companys strengths and weaknesses as they have unfolded historically (Ronstadt, 2004). An important aspect of case analysis is to examine each of the value creation functions of the company, and identify the functions in which the company is currently strong and currently weak. Some companies might be weak in promotion; some might be strong in research and development. A case analysis makes lists of these strengths and weaknesses (Hill & Jones, 2013). A case analysis also makes use of financial ratios for the purpose of financial analysis. According to Hill and Jones, a quality case analysis is that which offers a well thought analysis of the

Consider ther central principles of Christianity. How do there reflect Essay

Consider ther central principles of Christianity. How do there reflect Platonic ideas - Essay Example Similar is the philosophical notion of Platonism about God and life. Evidently Christianity was founded and nourished on the social ground where Platonism had been the key pressure. To illustrate, Christianity has a lot of similarities with the basic notions of Platonism. First of all, the Christian doctrines and Platonic principles accept the fact that spirit is superior to body and that it exists in all. In addition, Plato accepts the eternal, omnipresent and omnipotent nature of God. He also acknowledges the fact that God gives soul to human and that God created world because he is good. Platonism shows similarity in accepting the fact that God gives laws and every soul will be rewarded or punished according to its deeds. Both Platonism and Christianity maintain the concept of heaven and hell. Christianity also is based on the belief that God created the world and he created humans in his own likeness and character. Genesis 1:26 states that God created man in his own image. And it is said that ‘he made the world good; and when he saw it he was delighted’ (Genesis 1:31). ... In addition, Jesus Christ teaches to lay up treasures in heaven where ‘neither moth nor rust corrupt them’ (Mathew 6:20). Moreover, it is said in Romans that â€Å"if the spirit of him that raised up Jesus from the dead dwell in you, he that raised up Christ from the dead shall also quicken your mortal bodies by his Spirit that dwell in you† (Romans 8:11). Similar is the belief found in Platonism. According to Plato, (Phaedo, 114 C) after death, every soul goes to a place corresponding to its deeds while alive. If then, the wicked with curable sin nature will be left to a lower world where they shall suffer for their sins; whereas, the incurable souls will be abandoned permanently into hell. With regard to pious souls, they shall live without human bodies forever in eternal happiness with God almighty (ibid). Hence, the striking similarity between the Church and Platonism comes in the concept of heaven, hell and purgatory. Jesus says clearly that ‘it is bett er to pluck out your right eye if it sins because it is better to lose it than being cast into hell’ (Mathew 5:29). He also warns that â€Å"no one who speaks against the Holy Spirit will be forgiven either in this world or in the next† (Matthew 12:32). Another agreement comes in the case of body-soul interaction. Bible says â€Å"Do not be afraid of those who kill the body but cannot kill the soul. Rather, be afraid of the One who can destroy both soul and body in hell.† (Matthew 10:28) The concept that Platonism cherishes also is similar because it says that external aspects or diseases of the body can little harm the soul; whereas vice, can worsen the moral quality of

Artist Report Paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Artist Report - Research Paper Example Approaching Noise is done in oil upon a 40 x 34 inch wood panel. The woman in the painting is a brunette with her hair pulled back into a bun. The light skinned model has her arms crossed over her chest to prevent the olive green military style shirt from falling down. She is in a subtle, serene mood as she looks towards the ground in wonderment. The model is standing in front of a whitewashed grey wall with letting and numbers upon the wall behind her. The light that falls upon the model comes from the upper right, in front of the model. The hues used in the painting show the realism that the viewer seems to be immersed in when looking at the painting. The realism shown by Kassan in this painting has a photorealistic quality to it. One could almost reach out and touch the model as though she was standing right in front of the viewer. The realism also allows us to interpret that her skin is soft and looks to be in her mid 20s wearing pink nail polish. Also, the gradation of the painting seems subtle and continuous like a person would see in real life and stark and in contrast in the same way as though a person were blocking the light from another source. There are two places in the painting that seem to flow away from the focal point of her face. Her eyes seem to bring the viewer to follower what she is looking at by going towards the bottom of the painting. Furthermore, you can also follow the flow of her hair as you see the strands of hair pulled back into the bun atop the back of her head. He uses the asymmetrical balance of the human body and draws upon the fact that not all painting has to be symmetrically balanced to be a great work of art. The words on the wall to her right seem to balance out the space taken up by the model on the left side of the painting. Approaching Noise allows the viewer to feel as though they are standing in the studio with Kassan as he is working with his subject on this particular painting with the amount of time

Electronic Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Electronic Marketing - Essay Example It would elaborate over how the advancements in technology and the advent of internet has assisted organisations in creating and improving customer value with the use of personalization and mass customization. Moreover, it would discuss the ethical and legal constraints associated with the use of internet. DISCUSSION The internet can be formally described as an interconnected network comprised of several networks and millions of computers that aim to link together businesses, educational institutions, government agencies, and individuals. There is no single organization controls the internet or how it functions, nor is it owned by any individual, yet it has provided the infrastructure for the transfer in commerce, scientific research and culture. The advent of internet has brought forward a plethora of opportunities and openings for businesses to take advantage of in order to better serve the customers. (Laudon & Traver, 2007) Marketing is basically the management process responsible for identifying, anticipating and satisfying the requirements of customers profitably with the help of the 4 Ps of the marketing mix, namely, product, price, promotion and place. (Baker, 2001) When internet and related technologies are used to communicate with the audience and the customers this becomes the process of electronic marketing. As the competition over the internet is increasing, there is more stress over providing the maximum value to the online customer. Customer value can be generated through providing them with a favourable experience. This experience can be enriched through the paradigms of internet accessibility, the depth and interactivity of the contents, faster access, convenience, speed of transactions and overall, a pleasant experience. All mass marketing comes down to offering customers with value for money. (Jones & George, 2007) Internet enables companies to produce customized products while maintaining a low unit cost for the products. Mass customization i s a new phenomenon that is taking over the business strategic environment. It can be defined as the enablement of a company to provided products that are tailored to the specific needs and demands of a group or individual bearing similar interest. The internet has increased the implementation of mass customization by companies. The youth of today are habituated to personalizing their experiences, be it the internet or their mobile phones. Customization is taking place over everything and anything, from toys to games to clothing. This generation is accustomed to personalization and customization from their brands and this is why more and more companies are going towards this phenomenon. The demands of the consumers are now less similar. They are unique and different from others making them less predictable for the companies. Mass customization allows companies to cater to specialized requests over a large scale. With the advent of globalization and the advancements in information tec hnology, companies are faced with greater competition from all around the globe. Every company is aiming to gain a presence over the internet which would make them ubiquitous and interactive. The Internet makes it possible, for companies large and small, to offer standardized and customized products and services compatibly, or to merely offer the latter. (Baylis et al, 2007) With the help of personalization, companies can target their marketing messages to individuals by

Henry Fayols Legacy And Contribution To The Management Science Assignment

Henry Fayols Legacy And Contribution To The Management Science - Assignment Example He therefore developed management ideas through personal experience as Chief Executive, and wrote ‘elements’ of administration in â€Å"Administration Industriele et Generale†, which was published in 1961 (Wren & Bedeian 2009). Abilities that he felt were essential in a manager include physical, mental and moral qualities, general education, and specialized knowledge and experience (Wren & Bedeian, ). The absence of management training in schools made Fayol see the need for management theory and identified fourteen principles of management (Fayol). He was a French management theorist. He was one of the most influential contributors to modern concepts of management, having formulated five primary functions of management- planning, organizing, commanding, coordinating and controlling ( Fayol). Henri Fayol is generally referred to as the Father of Modern Management theory (George, 146),in view of his extraordinary and revolutionary input to administrative management. Indeed, he is to administrative management while what Taylor is to scientific management. He later died in 1925 in Paris France. History of management science The management historians trace back the early origin of management and their pioneer ideas, which is the foundation of our modern formative thinking, its founders as well as well their contributions in the field d of management. As noted by early scholars such as McMahon and Carr (28), there is an increasing distance between the student and scholars of today and early scholars such as Henry Fayol among others. Through a critical examination of early biographies and early accounts, the relationship between the early and today’s management thought is established. In this case, we may gain a more complete understanding of own intellectual, reflections, and study of those of who have gone before and continue to study from the past as it forms the present (Bedeian) One such scholar is a Henry Fayol, who is thought as being the father of modern management science. As noted in Charles de Freminville, a synopsis of Fayol’s and Taylor’s thinking is explored. In this paper the modern management science is examined and its contribution to the modern field of management. It studies some of his theories, procedures, tools and techniques and it affect the modern management thought amongst scholars and student of management. His legacy and thoughts are unearthed to bring to light the dynamics of management and how the present scholars have been refined or been altered it. There is need to distinguish between management science and arts and note the difference and this influences the managers’ roles. As noted, the management as art is older as compared to the management as a science. Henry Fayol’s contribution to the body of management thought will be explored. Literature review: what other have said about Fayol Many models have explained the Henry Fayol and his contributions to the field of management. One such theory is the influence of Fayol’s work on other scholars in the fields of management. Gullick ( 13; 457) have a great impact on public administration. Gullick also found the acronym POSDCORB best to describe the executive’s job. Urwick utilized Fayol’s writings to promote a functional approach to management in developing his theory of administration and organization. The writings of Fayol have reached the international arena and pointed

Legal Difficulties Faced by any US Based Multinational Corporation Essay

Legal Difficulties Faced by any US Based Multinational Corporation - Essay Example In the global market, it is heartbreaking for an exporting and manufacturing business when its patent, trademark, brand name and even business plans are copied by some businesses in other countries and as a result, it loses the benefits that they aim at. Many businesses are not careful in protecting its intellectual properties. the global market, it is heartbreaking for an exporting and manufacturing business when its patent, trademark, brand name and even business plans are copied by some businesses in other countries and as a result, it loses the benefits that they aim at. Many businesses are not careful in protecting its intellectual properties. This summary points out some strategies that a business can use to protect its intellectual properties in order to keep patent and trademark unique. A tort has been defined as a wrongful act against an individual or body corporate and his, her or its property which gives rise to a civil claim (David Kelly, Ann E. M. Holmes, Ruth Hayward--). A broad area of tort law has been developed regarding the responsibility of employer towards employees and third parties who are affected by employee’s doing while they are in the workplace. Negligence is an important tort because it is constantly growing in the social and economic change. It has been stated in the participation by Michael Seymour that ‘a tort is defined as a negligent or intentional civil wrong not arising out of a contract or statute’. A tort may injure someone in the workplace or not due to employee’s actions and for which the injured party may sue the  wrongdoer for damages. So, the main object of the tort of negligence is to provide compensation to the injured person. Torts that can impact a workplace include negligence, false imprisonment assault, battery, inertial misrepresentation, and malicious prosecution. Negligence on the part of a manufacturer, for example, some manufacturers of China as it is discussed everywhere will cause serious issues and noises both inside and outside the manufacturer. As a manufacturer, it must necessarily ensure that the product is safe and it is up to the level promised to the public. There are products defectively designed by manufacturers that cause either injuries or even dissatisfaction of the ultimate consumers.

Nuclear Weapon Testing Essay Example for Free

Nuclear Weapon Testing Essay Nuclear Weapons testing have realized radiation into the environment. These tests have always been justified as necessary for national security. According to me, I disagree because if a nation allows nuclear weapons testing in its ground, then it should be ready for the aftermath repercussion, which is quite devastating. There is need to avoid using nuclear weapons for a nations security at the expense of its private citizens. Non-nuclear weapons can instead be used since they are less costs and just benefits. Risks of Nuclear Weapons According to Regina (2004), nuclear weapons testing pose environmental and international threats especially to the population surrounding the nuclear testing plant. The following highlights are the risks: †¢ The explosion of nuclear device spreads lethal radioactive materials like dynamite (dirty bomb) which contaminates the region and will remain in the ecosystem for years. This causes cancer risks through drinking of contaminated water. †¢ During nuclear weapon is testing, the major effects are either direct or indirect. Direct in the sense that it results to blast effects including production of flying debris and indirect in the sense that structures collapse especially when near a residential buildings or highly populated region. The population is then exposed to direct radiant energy and the thermal effect leading to permanent burns and traumatized population. A practical example is what happened in Hiroshima and Nagasaki during Second World War. †¢ It has a permanent effect to the environment leading to increased cancer rates, organ damage, conjoined twins birth system and genetic modifications. †¢ Accidental launches due to false alarms can cause two counties to use the nuclear weapons accidentally leading to mass destruction and loss of life. †¢ The effects of nuclear testing can go as far as across its borders to neighboring countries. For example the on Aug. 2, 1987, the explosion at the Novaya Zemlya test site in the Russian Arctic produced radioactivity that was detected in Scandinavia (Glasstone, 2003). Benefits of non-nuclear weapons for national security Basically, using non-nuclear weapons in advantageous: †¢ The costs of nuclear weapons are very high as compared to non-nuclear weapons. Hence these resources could substantially be used for other developmental issues for the country. †¢ They do not pose environmental risks to the private citizens and state hence a healthy nation. †¢ Non-nuclear weapons reflects reduction of tension between two nations hence improves their relations especially between the state and private citizens. †¢ Nuclear weapons powers have qualitative constraints as compared to the quantitative cuts of their arsenals Measures like total ban should be formulated by global treaties against nuclear weapons that should: †¢ Pressurize countries to forgo the process nuclear launches. †¢ Build confidence and strengthen the growing conviction about the ineffectiveness of nuclear armaments for the security of nations. †¢ Improve safety and security through the international monitoring network in nuclear stations. Basing on the current global security realities countries should come up with well-formulated policy to ban the use of nuclear weapons especially to the countries that have high nuclear arsenals like USA, Russia Pakistan and India (Hurst, et al, 2005). In conclusion, nuclear weapons do not contribute to the security of a nation but are of self-aggression and destruction; therefore, they should be completely abolished to avoid their further imminent threat. REFERENCES Glasstone, S. The Effects of Nuclear Weapons, Revised Edition, New York: U. S. Atomic Energy Commission Press, 2003. Hurst, G. et al. Nuclear delivery systems deployments and developments; Making of U. S. Policy, New York: Rutledge, 2005. Regina, C. Security with Nuclear Weapons? London: Oxford University Press, 2004.

Censor Restrictions In Indian Cinema

Censor Restrictions In Indian Cinema The boundary within which artistic liberty swings has, historically, remained a debatable issue. Liberal democracies all over the world have recognised the need for reasonable restriction, though its boundaries are yet to be settled. In India cinema censorship appeared as an inevitable response to growing obscenity, restraint on the public morale being necessary for socio-cultural and political reasons. However, obscenity and lewdness having varying interpretations, censor decisions have remained a contentious issue. All efforts including judicial pronouncements, expert committee recommendations and periodic review of the censorship guidelines have fall short of settling the issue. The ongoing digital communication technology revolution has prompted a fresh debate on the relevance of cinema censorship in India. This paper attempts to review the legal and philosophical foundations of the concept to identify the reasonable limits of artistic expression in India, in the context of chang ing pubic moral and social patterns, and the ongoing digital communication technology revolutions. Introduction A gloss over the existing literature on cinema revels that censorship debate continues ever since cinemas emergence as a major mass entertainment industry, of course, the issue of contention keeps on changing. The battle over it is often fought as petty-bickering and yet at other times in terms of angry public furor at the overt or covert sexual obscenities. Though the polemics of Indian film censorship generally revolved round sleaze, sensuality, sexuality, nudity and permissiveness (Bhowmik, 2003:3148), excessive depiction of obscenity and lewdness is primarily seen as the reason for censorship becoming inevitable in India- restraint on the public moral being necessary for socio-cultural, political, national security reasons. But, obscenity being perceptual and having different nuances of meanings for different segments of age and populations, the CBFCs decisions were often questioned, making it a debatable issue. The era of censor restriction began in British India when the film Bhakta Vidura (1921) was banned because its protagonist bore a strong resemblance to Mahatma Gandhi. In 1978, the Central Board of Film Censor (renamed Central Board of Film Certification in 1982) referred to the political film KISSA KURSI KA(The Tale of a Chair), an innuendo about the politicians) to the Information Broadcasting Ministry for further clearance. This was eventually destroyed only to be remade and released latter. In 1981, the film MERI AWAZ SUNO (Please Listen to My Voice), about a policeman who infiltrates an underworld gang to discover its nexus with politicians, was first granted an A certificate, but subsequently suspended under the Cinematograph act, 1952 citing that the film depicted excessive violence. In 1994, the film BANDIT QUEEN, based on the life history of Phoolon Devi-a dalit woman turned bandit was recommended for 17 cuts by the Central Board of Film Certification(CBFC). The film was released with just one visual and one audio cut after court intervention. In the film KAMA SUTRA- A TALE of LOVE (1996), which sought to demonstrate the marriage of spirituality and sexuality through the story of a princess and her servant, was denied a certificate citing it pornographic; it was certified after two scenes of nudity were erased. The film FIRE (1998), which explicitly screened the relationship of two women, who found the poignant expression of their love in their lesbian relationship, was cleared for public exhibition by the Censor Board but, the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting referred it back to the Censor Board for review due to violent protest against the film in parts of India. In 2002,the CBFC demanded several deletions from the anti-war and anti-nuclear documentar y film Jung-aur-aman (War and Peace) as a pre-condition for granting certificate, only to be certified without any deletion after the Bombay High Court directed the CBFC to do so (TOI,2003:April 26). As the censors claimed, the film suggested a bias against the Muslims minority when aid was distributed after the Gujrat earth quake 2001. The list of such films touched by censorship issues in India gets longer even as the country emerges as the most prolific film producing country in the world (TOI,2002: July 28). At times the issue is excessive violence (Aakrosh, 2003), at others it is kissing on screen (Khwaish), even at others it is smoking on screen (God Mother, 1999, Pyar -To-Hona Hi Tha). The era of protest against restriction on cinema is as old as the restriction itself. But the restriction continues and is expected to continue, of course, efforts have been made to ease the tensions out. The recent ICT revolutions, especially the wider availability of digital duplicating technologies and the wider scope for their circulation through the networked technologies have raised afresh questions on the relevance of the censor mechanism in India. But, despite the growing justifications against its continuation, the justifications for censorship is found in the argument that Indian society constitutes of people with a divergent social outlook and the response to cinema censorship must be defined by the divergent socio- political and cultural parameters of the country (Dayal, 1987). But, every new case of censorship dispute renews demands for abolition of the Censor Board and the practice of film censorship in India. The Indian Supreme Court and High Courts have adjudicated on the matter, expert committees have recommended solutions, the government has issued revised guidelines from time to time, but still the issue remains unsettled. Even public opinion on the issue is intricate and dichotomous. Despite the county having well formulated obscenity laws for over a century, the question still remains: is censorship necessary? This paper attempts to explore the philosophical foundations of the right to artistic expression and its reasonable limits with special reference to film censorship in India in the context of the ongoing digital communication technology revolution, emerging patterns of Indian society and the changing profile of Indian audiences. The specific objectives of the study are: To examine the legal and philosophical foundations of media freedom, to identify its limits and explore the grounds for censor restriction. To explore the impacts of films and the scope for their positive use for social transformation and development. To make an assessment of the role and functioning of the Censor Board with regard to public perception and expectation in the context of the emerging digital communication technology environment; and To analyze public perception to find out the potential to make the Indian cinema censorship practices more effective and acceptable. Background of the Study Historically, censorship as a term in English goes back to the office of the censor established in ancient Rome. The censor was one of two magistrates of early Rome who acted as the census authority, and inspectors of moral who regulated the morals of the citizens, (Encyclopedia Britannica, 2012). Merriam-Websters Collegiate Dictionary defines Censor, to be a person who is authorized to read publications or correspondence or to watch theatrical performances and suppress in whole or in part anything considered obscene or politically unacceptable. As a practice, censorship is the control of what people may say or hear, write or read, or see or do, and suppression of material considered objectionable, harmful, sensitive, or inconvenient to the government or the citizen groups. The materials which are included within the scope of censorship commonly includes nudity, sexual activity, language, presentation of criminal acts, violence messages considered to be immoral in the context of a society. Traditionally censorship was associated with ideas about state oppression, intolerant governments or other powerful institutions controlling the minds of powerless citizens and societys dominated classes (Biltereyst, 2010). It was related to brutal strategies to limit freedom of speech, or to undermine artistic expression. It was even seen as part of a carefully orchestrated strategy of controlling or even silencing public debate in society. With the universal recognition of human rights and the right to communicate as a vital component, the exercise of film censorship in modern times is seen as violating the sanctity of the constitutionally granted freedom of speech and expression in liberal democracies (Kazmi,2001), and is mostly regarded as a relic of an unenlightened and much more oppressive age and hardly finds any favour among elite sections of a society. Daniel Biltereyst of the Centre for Cinema and Media Studies claim that censorship is more complex and constitutes more than simply banning, cutting and imposing restrictions from above by state institutions. This revelation is based on a broader definition of censorship and new theoretical underpinnings of the concept. New approaches argue that the state does not wield absolute power, and also that censorship institutions are not disconnected from society but are run by flesh-and-blood people with their own sensitivities, norms and values. This includes the existence of negotiations between the censors, the industry and film makers (Biltereyst, 2008). This new approach to censorship shifted the focus from the old institutionalized, interventionist censorship to a more culturalist notion of film censorship (Biltereyst, 2010). From this perspective, censorship was gradually accepted as a keen and sharp indicator of what a particular hegemonic group in society can tolerate at a particular moment. The wider social and cultural ideologies determining hegemonic groups activities present the framework for negotiation between industry, filmmakers, censors and their respective discourses, to achieve some form of consensus on the acceptability of certain images, scenes or films. This negotiation process makes it rather unlikely that film classification boards would take decisions going completely against societal sensitivities. The censor negotiations combine historical, sociological, aesthetic, and philosophical parameters and vacillate between the two extremes of the liberty of artistic expression and the moral responsibilities of audiovi sual representations. Reflecting the views of a section of the film industry Bhowmik claims that trends on censorship practice violates the sanctity of the constitutionally granted freedom of speech and expression Disagreeing with the popular notion of censorship as moral restraint, he argues that its true import lies in the propagation of political agendas, there being intricate interplay of policies of governance and strictures of censorship. It is claimed that bureaucratic manipulation, judicial laxity, vested interest and political or public pressure keep the institution of film censorship going in India (Bhowmik (2003:3149). Cinema can play a positive role in society in terms of providing entertainment, enhancing information and knowledge, sensitizing people about urgent issues of society, in creating sociability and offering catharsis (Bhakhry, 1995:71). Similarly, cinema can also play an equally negative role in teaching wrong values, generating social and sexual violence and crime, providing escape from reality into a dream world instead of facing up to the problems of life, encouraging adoption of destructive role models and in encouraging cynicism about social institutions (Bhakhry, 1995:71. It is these impacts of cinema on society which makes censorship an important issue and justifies the efforts put into this study. Genesis of Censor Restriction in Indian Cinema The institution of censorship in Indian cinema took roots soon after the birth of the indigenous film industry. The Indian Cinematograph Act of 1918 was enacted by the British government in India with the avowed aim of safety of the audiences, and the prevention of degrading of moral performances, though the real intentions, as was often alleged, were to pre-empt political issues perceived as threats to the British Raj in India (Bhowmik, 2003:3149).Regional Censor Boards were constituted at Bombay, Calcutta, Madras, Rangoon, and Lahore in 1920, to put a check, as was claimed, on sensitive issues, objectionable subjects, and forbidden scenes in foreign films. The first instances of censorship took place soon after the setting up of these regional censor boards when the 1921 film Bhakta Vidura was banned alleging that its protagonist bore a strong resemblance to Mahatma Gandhi. Following Indian independence, the Indian Cinematograph Act of 1918 was carried forward by the Indian leadership essentially as an attempt to cleanse or control the harmful western influence through the medium of film entertainment. The Indian leadership publicly stated that the sanctity of the well received principles of morality and behaviour would be invoked in matters relating to exhibition of films in the country(Bhowmik,2003: July 26). They emphasized the need for improvement in the moral and ethical standards in films. In 1951, all regional censor boards were brought under the unified command of a Central Board of Film Censors. The Indian Cinematograph Act 1918 was replaced by the Indian Cinematograph Act 1952, which was amended in 1982 and new censorship guidelines were issued in 1983. The law provides for appointment of a Central Board of Film Certification to certify films for public exhibition in India which functions with headquarters at Mumbai assisted by nine regional offices at Bangalore, Mumbai, Kolkata, Hyderabad, Chennai, Thiruvananthpuram, New Delhi, Cuttack and Guwahati. The law and the guidelines provide for appointment of the Board, their functioning and the issues to be considered while certifying a cinema for public exhibition in India. A Film certification Appellate Tribunal was established in 1984 at Delhi to hear appeals against the decisions of the CBFC. In the years that followed Indian independence, film censorship continues to vacillate between the two extremes of the growing right to freedom of expression view and public decency defined by group perceptions and interests. The then minister of information and broadcasting R.R. Diwakar characterized the newly framed CBFC as a dignified effort to model an effective medium of healthy entertainment, national culture, and mass education (Hunnings, 1967:228). The main objectives of film censorship, as per the certification guidelines, have been to ensure that The medium of film remains responsible and responsive to the values and standards of society; Artistic expression and creative freedom are not unduly curbed; and Censorship is responsive to social changes. As provided in the Indian Cinematograph Act 1952 including its subsequent amendments , films are certified relying on the judgment of examining and revising committees and are issued any of the following four types of certificates -U, UL. A, and S, as has been provided under the Indian Cinemagraph Act.1952. U (unrestricted exhibition) certificate is issued to a cinema which, in the opinion of the CBFC, is suitable for unrestricted public exhibition. UA (unrestricted public exhibition subject to parental guidance for children below the age of 12) certification is issued to a film in respect of which the board is of the opinion that it is necessary to caution that the question as to whether any child below the age of 12 may be allowed to see such film should be considered by the parents or guardians of such child. A (public exhibition restricted to adults only) certificate is issued to a cinema if in the opinion of the board its public exhibition is to be restricted to adults only. S'(public exhibition restricted to specialized audiences) certification of a cinema means the cinema is suitable for public exhibition restricted to members of a profession, for example Doctors. The CBFC is assisted in examination of films by members of Advisory Panels and Examining Committees, and issues certificates as suggested. The board examines films for certification in accordance with provisions contained in the Cinematograph Act, 1952, the Cinematography (Certification) Rules, 1983 and the guidelines issued in this regard by the government of India from time to time. While considering a cinema for certification as mentioned above, the CBFC may direct to delete or amend material that might be considered to be offensive by its audiences or may even refuse to allow a film to be screened commercially. The Film Certification Appellate Tribunal (FCAT) hears appeals against the decisions of the Censor Board in respect of certification of a film. The decisions of the tribunal are binding on the board and it disposes the matter in conformity with the order of the tribunal. Under the provisions of the Cinematograph Act, 1952 the Central Government is also empowered to send back a film for review by the Censor Board or to cancel or modify a certificate issued to a film under certain circumstances. Petitions can be filed in High Courts seeking a ban on screening of a film. IV. Artistic Freedom and its Limits Article 19(1) (a) of the Indian Constitution Guarantees to every citizen of India the right to freedom of speech and expression; also assures the freedom of media, though it is not separately stated there, unlike some other constitutions like that of the USA. The freedom of media is part of a larger right of freedom of speech and expression guaranteed to every citizen. The right to freedom of speech and expression includes within it, the right to collect and receive information from anywhere and through any legitimate means, the right to disseminate information and express opinion (Sawant, 1997). The freedom granted under 19(1) (a) is not absolute, and is subject to restrictions recognized by all liberal democracies as well as by international declarations and covenants. These restrictions are contained in Article 19(2) of the Indian Constitution, which states that freedom of speech and expression guaranteed by article 19(1)(a) shall not affect the operation of any existing law, or prevent the state from making any law, which imposes reasonable restrictions on the exercise of the freedom in the interests of sovereignty and integrity of India, the security of the state, friendly relations with foreign states, public order, decency or morality, or in relation to contempt of court, defamation or incitement to an offence. The restrictions have, of course to be reasonable meaning there by that; they must have a direct nexus with the ground on which they are imposed (Sawant, 1997). They should also not be in excess of the purpose sought to be achieved or supplant the freedom itself . Again, the media, when run as a business, is also subject to the restrictions, which may be imposed by the state on any business, under Article 19(6) of the constitution. The principles of the censorship set out in section 5-B of the Cinematograph (Amendment) Act, 1959 states: A film shall not be certified for public exhibition if, in the opinion of the authority competent to grant the certificate the film or any part of it against the interests of security of the state, public order, decency or morality, or involves defamation or contempt of court, or is likely to incite the commission of an offence. This sub section is in agreement with article 19(2) of the constitution. Sub-section (2) of section 5-B states, Subject to the conditions contained in sub-section -1, the central government may issue such directions as it may think fit, setting out the principles which shall guide the authority competent to grant certificate under this act in sanctioning films for public exhibition. In a celebrated Supreme Court judgment in 1970, in the case brought before it by K.A. Abbas, regarding his film A Tale of Four Cities declared that, censorship falls under constitutional guarantee of freedom of speech and expression and that while pre censorship of films does not contravene those guarantees per se, is still a justifiable issue and cannot be decided by a government official (Dayal, 1987). The Supreme Court has indicated that , Censorship in India (and pre-censorship is not different in quality) has full justification in the field of exhibition of cinema films and the censorship imposed on the making and exhibition of films is in the interest of the society. If the regulations venture into something, which goes beyond the legitimate opening to restrictions, they can be questioned on the ground that a legitimate power is being abused. We hold, therefore, that censorship of films, including prior restraint, is justified under our constitution (Vasudev, 1978). The enquiry committee on film censorship in 1968, known as the Khosla Committee, in its report submitted in 1969, said, in the case of films Censorship can be deemed to be reasonable restrictions on the right of freedom of expression. Provided that the nature and extent of this control or restriction is related to the maters mentioned in Article 19(2) of the Indian constitution. Censorship must be authorized by law, and must be confined within the limits permitted by law and the provisions of the constitution. To extend the scope of censorship to considerations of public taste and ban a mater which does not fall within the limits of the reasonable restrictions clause would not be legal(Vasudev,1979). As such, the legal boundaries of Artistic freedom and its limits are well settled. But, the issue beyond the legal framework, which comes into the fore in any discussion of the moral basis of cinema censorship, is its social impact. Social Impacts of Films Any discussion on films and society confronts a vital question dose cinemas have any impact on the society. There are two schools of thought on this issue among film makers. One line of thinking believe that films can never affect or reform the social body or the events taking place within it, but the other believes that the medium does have a direct or indirect impact on social streams, even though it may not be immediately perceptible. The former cites the example that just after a couple of excellent anti-war films were exhibited, the second world war engulfed humanity hence cinema cannot and should not offer any solutions for social problems raised by its writer and directors, by its content and style. The mere exposition of the problem is enough and there ends cinemas artistic obligation as well as compulsion. The later, however, stretches cinemas role further to promote a thought process and line of action where by the viewers are provoked into trying a change for the better. F ilms, which talked directly and movingly about the wrongs of society, go on to influence it and shape it along better lines. The most important contribution of cinema to society is that by sheer usage it has grown to be a standard reference for most kinds of questions and situations, where elementary knowledge and practice are needed (Rangoonwalla, 1995:7). The mass mind picks up such points largely and stores them in some mental corner, to be reactivated while seeking or giving answers and guidance. Some of the life patterns and conclusions propagated by them could be having social repercussions below the outer of everyday life. Violence, crime and sex are made to look easy and frivolous, without much of retribution to follow. The magic of cinema is virtually unfathomable. The very mention of cinema conjures up a rainbow of captivating images. A vital aspect of Indian cinema is its unifying character. The Indian films have been subtly albeit consistently promoting the ideas of national integration and communal harmony. A part of the socio-economic cultural transformation can be attributed to the cinema as films usually generate social mobility, fluidity and an overall sense of oneness among people of different backgrounds (Rangoonwalla, 1995:7).The society is ripe with cases of crimes and criminals being emulated from the screen and so also the attitude to suicide as a way of dejection, mostly in love. Fashion including smoking and drinking, in many cases, are inspired from cinema characters. The vast fan followings of stars like Rajesh Khanna, Amitabh Bachhan, Mithun Chatkrabothy are eloquent testimony to the social impacts of films. A study by Dr. Sativa Bhakry shows that Cinema can play both positive as well as negative roles in society. It can have positive impacts in terms of providing entertainment, enhancing information and knowledge, sensitizing people about urgent issues of society, in creating sociability and offering catharsis. It offers release from tensions of daily life. Cinema can also play an equally negative role in teaching wrong values, generating social and sexual violence and crime, providing escape from reality into a dream world of fantasy instead of facing up to the problems of life, encouraging adoption of destructive role models and in encouraging cynicism about social institutions (Bhakhry, 1995:71-76). VI. Philosophical Foundations of Cinema Censorship Platos polemics of art and artists urged strict censorship of the arts because of their influence on moulding peoples characters (Rufus, 2010). Using his theory of forms, Plato claimed that artists and poets couldnt usually explain their works; as they are seized by irrational inspiration, a sort of divine madness (Bruce, 1998). Much of his writings reflect the belief that the vital opinions of the community could be shaped by law and that men could be penalized for saying things that offended public sensibilities, undermined common morality, or subverted the institutions of the community (Jowett, 2010). Acclaimed film critic and a spiritual champion of the right to freedom of expression, Noel Burch (1973) approved the censorship mechanism when he claimed I doubt if anybody will advocate freedom from interference of the state machinery to be extended to the commercial exploitation of a powerful medium of expression and entertainment like cinema. One can imagine the results if an unbridled commercial cinema is allowed to cater to the lowest common denominator of popular taste, especially in a country which after two centuries of political domination , is still suffering from confusion and debasement of cultural values. Freedom of expression cannot, and should not be interpreted as a license for the cinemagnates to make money by pandering to and thereby propagating, shoddy and vulgar taste. While emphasizing the role of cinema as a vehicle of modernism, Indias first Prime Minister Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru has also advocated some amount of social control to ward off its bad effects (Vasudev, 1978:107). Nehrus response to a public petition urging him to curb the evil influences of films not only brought the citizenry within the domain of film censorship but also legitimised their exercise of power. Tanuja Chandra claims that the artists have every right to give expression to the work of art and viewers have an equal right to reject it, if they do not like it either in part or whole. Therefore, cinema like other potent media, such as press, drama and fiction should be left under the common law. The entertainment part of cinema, she argues is of much important than the emotional part. But, it seems, the Indian society has still miles to go before accepting this argument. Veteran actor turned Member of Parliament Satrughna Sinha claims that in a country like India films reach the widest possible and most diversified audience. As a medium of mass communication it can exercise the most tremendous and potent influence on the public. The rampant use of blatant sex and gruesome violence (as commodities for sale by the producers) can terribly shake a nation; the ruinous elements can easily shatter the society before the common law can give protection. As such censorship cannot be unreas onable, if it is within limits (TOI, 2006). Sinha disagrees with Tanuja Chandras suggestion that it should be left to the public to decide what to see and what not and says it cannot be left entirely to the public, this way even blue films could be fair game.(Thapar, 1998). Even he rejects former Censor Board chief Vijay Anands suggestion to replace the system of cuts with ratings and claims that replacing the present system of cuts with ratings will reduce our Technicolor cinema into blue films (Sengupta, 2002). John Dayal Claims that more and more people, especially the younger, look forward to watch the blatant display of sex and violence on the screen. If this virus is allowed to the artery of our national blood, the society will be infested with unruly elements with hardly any care for our social values and traditional tenets, which will eventually lead to chaos and anarchy in the society. Curbs are, therefore, necessary to protect the moral health of the nation and to ensure that cinema does not hurt the sensibilities or interests of the extraordinarily heterogeneous people that constitute the Indian nation (Dayal, 1987:61). Acclaimed film critic Nikhat Kazmi finds no harm in showing a couple kissing as a mark of love and affection, because rapes and murders are not caused only because of films; rather they are the prime instincts of belligerence and sex that are inherent in every human being. She claims that censorship is irrelevant in the present age when cyber space offers its unlimited frontiers at the click of a mouse (Kazmi, 2002). When satellite television brings it all unhindered into the bedroom itself, censorship has virtually nothing to do with the Indian Cinema. Responding to the demands of the digital era, many nations have, in fact, repealed their obscenity laws and have dropped legal barriers against pornography for adults. Supporting these arguments, Tanuja Chandra, an acclaimed film producer in India, terms the Indian censorship guidelines totally redundant. She says the censor rule book, a relic of British colonialism, is completely outdated, it sticks out like a priest who tries to cur b freedom of expression with a ruler in his hands(Kazmi,2002). Citing the censor board decisions as irrational and inconsistent, some film makers claim that at times the censors object to sex, at times to violence and at times even to something as ridiculous as a woman smoking a cigarette (Jha, 1999). Hinting at the vulnerability of the censors, veteran film actor, producer and director Dev Anand says that the Censor Boards limited authority and accountability to the central government, in fact, leads to its play-safe attitude. He opined that the censor board is a puppet in the hands of the central governmentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ guidelines seems to change every time a government changes (Jha, 1999). Opposing censorship in any form, he argue that every clipping in a film is condemnable and only rating is permissible as in the Hollywood film industry. These conflicting arguments and the apparent vertical split in the film industry shows our state of confusion and failure in taking a categorical position on the issue. Perhaps, the country has not yet reached a stage where censorship in cinema is to be scrapped altogether. The safest choice, therefore, is to take appropriate steps to make our censor mechanism more effective rather than attempting to abolish it. VII. Research Design and Methods Analysing a complex issue like film censorship demands a multidisciplinary approach. Constitutional and legal provisions, judgements of Supreme Court and High Courts, observations of various committees and commissions on limits of the rights

Comparison Between Democratic And Autocratic Nursing Essay

Comparison Between Democratic And Autocratic Nursing Essay Its being a long time I have been working in New Zealand. After working within groups and under influence of different leader I learnt many things about Leadership, before working experience I got basic knowledge from books and lecturers about leadership. From experience I gained from working under and working as leader I can mark myself as Democratic Leader. My style of leading is Democratic, the survey I conducted on internet helped me to figure out me and make me sure about the Leadership style I Inherited within myself. According to this survey this style suits my character and is helpful in my career. Sometime its also important to be Autocratic leaders because sometime some situation occurs where u have to take lead and enforce authority to achieve your goal. In my career I also faced some situation where it became necessary for me to use my authority and enforce it on my team members to achieve the target. Democratic The Democratic leadership is an ideal style of running a team successfully. Democratic leader are most efficient leaders. They know how to achieve the goal with support of their team. This style proves very vital role in dynamic and rapidly changing environment. These leaders knows importance of each and every member of their team, they take advice and suggestion from their team while making decision. (Sanajy) Autocratic- The leaders with autocratic style are also known authoritarians. These leaders took control on decision making; they dont take advice from their team members. Autocratic leaders are concerned about their targets and they dont care about the interest of their colleagues or their team members. They rarely accept advice from their team members. (Leader) According to my point of view Democratic style of leadership is most efficient and successful style of leadership in a restaurant. I have experienced that this style is also used by my seniors as they know that this style gain them respect, colleagues trust and also to achieve the target. Couple of time I faced situation in which my manager autocratically deals with the situation and it was necessary at that time. I can say that both of these two styles are efficiently helping the leaders in day to day activity and are also being used by different leaders in New Zealand. I can say that where democratic style helps to achieve target and employees satisfaction, whereas in some situation autocratic leaders prove efficient to achieve the target. After having experience in different workforces I also found some minus points in my leadership especially in term of anger management. I see it as a barrier in way to be a successful leader so I decided to deal with it and solve this problem as soon as possible. I read some anger management books and also saw some videos related to anger management, but I had very good communication skills and the understanding level within my time. My team members share their personal views as well as issues with work with me. I see myself as a good leader in future if I overcome my problems. 1. B Leadership Theory Transactional Theory Democratic theory suggests that Democratic theory is an ideal theory to run a team successfully. The leaders with democratic style are known as most efficient leaders. They took advice of their team members which helps in generating of more ideas and more solutions for the problem. These leaders encourage participation which boosts the confidence of the team and motivate to work more efficiently. Involvement of group members improves mutual understanding and ignores competitiveness between group members. Taking advice and increasing participation of group member result in better result and increase in group effort because some time outcome by group effort is much better then singles effort. (Sanajy) Transformational Theory Transformational Leadership encourages the motivation, morale and performance of followers by using different practices. These include interacting with the followers and other team members. The leaders set example for the followers, encourages them and giving them difficult task and motivates to achieve that. Leaders convey the clear vision of group goals. These leaders energize the team and leads to positive aspects. They are not only concerned about their own task but also approach to other members of their group and ask if there any problem and try to help them. Under transformational theory not only leader but the followers also with leaders make each other advance to a high level of helping and motivating. Transactional Theory The transactional leader promotes the performance of followers both by punishment and rewards. These leaders supervise the work of their followers in order to point out faults and mark their efforts so that the faults can be eliminated and the good work can be promoted. Under transactional leadership leaders supervise the work of their colleagues and keep check so the quality of work should be maintained and the work should be carried out in a specific fashion. The followers should obey the orders and guidelines of the leader and have to carry out what exactly is demanded, otherwise there are punishment if the work is less than satisfactory level. This leadership can be explained as management by expectation. Delegative Theory Under this type of leadership there is least productivity. Under this leadership group members are more demanding to the leader and leaders are less cooperative with team members and leave decision making on other group members. This leadership might prove beneficial in those cases where the group members are highly skilled and knowledgeable. (Leader) Comparison between democratic and Autocratic Transformational Theory Under this theory leaders are more concerned about the team performance rather than day to day activities. The leaders motivate and encourage group members to take team performance ton next level. These leaders are more concerned about team comfort. These leaders motivate and encourage the group members by setting up targets and push them to achieve it. They provide opportunity for their personal growth. Transactional Theory More concerned about maintaining the flow and quality of project. Uses disciplinary power and rewards or punishment system to motivate the member. These leaders make sure everything goes smooth and in direction toward the goal. These leaders motivates the staff by exchanging the rewards, supervising and providing regular feedback Role Model http://www.allamericanpatriots.com/files/images/barack-obama-minnesota.jpg Brack obama is 44th and current president of America, begun as a democratic leader and won trust of enough delegates to be nominee of president. From the beginning of his political culture he leads to a democratic thinking and as President of USA he not even try to bring democracy nationwide but also in thinking of the citizens. Reason why he is successful to achieve his goals is that he knows that running a country is not to easy and is not possible to be controlled by an individual so he always move with his team. He takes advices and suggestions regarding situation this he also mentioned during the press conference after he was re elected as president of America in2012. He said that it was not the success of an individual but victory of a team. His views and they way of working proves him as a democratic leader and this helps him to be a successful leader. He is making his best by putting all his efforts to make country better and move on the path of prosperity. He also encourages the general public to take part in political activities as its important for them. (Democrats) New Zealand leaders JOHN KEY HE is 38th Prime minister of New Zealand, elected on 8th November 2008. From being a foreign exchange office dealer to Prime minister he struggled and also became one of the richest persons in New Zealand. He is the Leader with Democratic leadership style. His point of views, plan and policies are aligned with his own team members. He took several steps and made efforts to stop social destruction like stopping binge drinking. In 2008 he suggested to raise the drinking age limit 18 back to 20 but that attempt was failed due to refusal by the Law Commission. He is also aware about environmental issues he believes that Global warming is a real phenomenon to be worried about and he said that the government will implement some actions and will reduce this global warming by 50% in next fifty years. (John Key) John keys targets Building Brighter Future. Builder Better Public service. Building world class Infrastructure. Building safer New Zealand. Rebuilding Christchurch. Less Debts More jobs. Each of his vision is categorized in small missions as this could lead to his desired future. It has also been seen that to make things go right he is making overseas trips in relation to finding job opportunities for New Zealanders. The screen industry in New Zealand supports over 2700 businesses, over 95 per cent of which are involved in production and post-production work. We need to keep New Zealand front of mind for those individuals who can bring further investment to New Zealand. (john) Phil Goff He is an autocratic leader of NZ. He is a current leader of Labour Party. He was a determined person with great political knowledge through his studies and was a great achiever with an positive attitude. He is self motivates as he believes in himself that he can create a better society for New Zealand. Should a smack as part of good parental correction be a criminal offence in New Zealand? His idea is that it is not wise for parents to discipline their children through corporal punishments. GST increase will hurt families that are already struggling to make ends meet. (wikipedia) It is also seen that he opposes on John keys decision as he is a person who is social minded too. It seems that he wants incremental changes rather than radical as it affects at current situation. He has a strong belief in himself and does not lose hope. He also went to investigate further on the oil spill issue that arose recently to find answers. This also shows that he has great care for the environment. As an opposing leader it is hard to maintain trust and confidence of the people but somehow the other he is trying his best to cope up with this. Evolution:- Both leaders have opposite styles. John Key is a Democratic leader whereas Phil Goff is a leader with Autocratic Leader. Both leaders are doing well in their own ways and styles. Both have some similarities in their goals and their views. It seems that I have some characteristics of both the leaders and their thoughts inspire me and guide me to improve my leadership tactics. Even my goal is not to be a politics but their leadership qualities guide me to achieve my goal to be a good and successful leader. These two personalities are great models to look at and to take as example and learn how they deal with different situation and learn their ways and strategies to fight with our problems. Benchmarking Tools These are the tools which help to evaluate how efficient is leader and his leadership style. There many leaders everywhere, at home, offices and etc. In same way the student is also a leader when they work in a group one of them is a leader of the group. Following are some tools. Setting Goals- Setting of goal is the primary step to be taken. Its necessary to be goal oriented any task without goal is like a Race without end. If you know your goals and target you what you want to achieve and you can make plans according to that and setting up policies to achieve that target. Influencing- Influencing is vital part of communication. Being a good communicator you should know how to influence others. To make other work for you or to make them work with you, its necessary to influence them and convince them to follow you and for that its necessary to know how to influence others. Planning- planning is the next step after setting up the goals. To achieve target one have to make plans and strategies. Without plan one cant implement any action or cant take any step. If you what you want but you dont know how to get it then you cant reach your target. A sound plan results in achieving of target and completion of target. Conversation- conversation opens the doors of mind which results in more ideas. If there is conversation between the group that helps to create mutual understanding and avoid misunderstandings. Benchmarking criteria This helps to measure the performance by knowing actual and current situation. Analysis Benchmarked Figure Actual (My Own) Deviation self-confidence with high-level 3 2 1 Social responsibilities (awareness) 4 3 1 Positive thoughts 5 3 2 Practical approach 2 2 0 RESULTS 14 10 4 I noticed that I am ambitious wit positive attribute. I have positive thinking and also aware to my social responsibilities, which I have toward my society. I am a good communicator and I know how to influence other with my views. I stay focused on my target and make efficient plan to achieve the target. Reflection- I have a strong vision of helping other and this helps me to make good relation within or outside my workplace. I have mutual understanding with my colleagues, whic helps me to maintain the quality of work and result in maximum output. I always want to be well educated and to be a well civilised person. It was my dream from childhood to do management in studies and also as profession. Currently working in Indian restaurant as front staff I am struggling to achieve my goals and to achieve the target which I want to achieve. I know I can handle whatever the situation is and can overcome from those problems. I just want that if I am following someone as my role model so I want that someday I would be role model for someone. I with my hard work and with my discipline will do well in this country and will make myself and my family proud. I believe that with democratic and autocratic leadership style I will prove myself worthy at my workplace, being democratic will help me to achieve trust and faith of others whereas being autocratic it would help me to deal with some typical situations. Obstacles Computer skills- Now days technology has conquered all the fields, in offices the records are maintain in computers and in restaurants the bills and the orders are also putted through computers. I had problem while dealing with till in restaurants, sometime I got confused about different payment system and some time in Chinese orders Anger management- Its very important to control your anger. When you are working in a team, it became necessary to maintain your anger because at that time we are working with different personalities of different individuals. Sometimes there are situation which create irritation and raise anger but being a good leader or a good employee it became necessary to control the anger. Sometime it happened that I lose my patience during busy days, sometime due to my colleagues mistake or sometime by irritation. Time Management- Main problem I face is lack in time management, sometime I mix two tasks and in result I am not able to give proper time to each task and results in low quality outcome. Rationale- Computer skills- I have to practice more on till handling so that I can easily handle it even on the busy days and that will also help me to work efficiently and achieve my target. Anger management-I should control my anger otherwise that may result in loss of trust and mutual understanding Time management- Its necessary to be punctual and completion of task on time for better results. Time management is vital for good leadership. Measurement Computer skills- To improve my Till handling i increase mu practice time on till and i take advice and instruction from my manager to know how to handle till easily and manage different bills and orders in busy time. I even go and practice on my day offs and that is proving helpful to improve my skill I getting my grip on till. Anger management- To control my anger I am taking help of different articles and books for anger management. This is helping me to control my temper and to avoid the risk of conflicts and loss of mutual understanding between me and my colleagues Time management- I know importance of time. Its well said that Time is Money. I cant let lack of time management to affect my work quality so I am taking advice of my manager and also taking advice from some articles regarding time management so that i can overcome this obstacle between my Targets. Resources- Reading books and articles. Taking advices from Manager Practicing practically as well as theatrically.

The Nature of Quantitative Research Essay -- Quantitative Research Pap

The Nature of Quantitative Research Quantitative Research Defined: According to Huysamen (1997), "descriptions of quantitative research typically discern a cycle of successive phases of hypothesis formulation, data collection, analysis and interpretation." Using a deductive approach, quantitative research seeks to establish facts, make predictions, and test hypotheses that have already been stated. A large part of the data analysis of quantitative research is statistical, striving to show that the world can be looked at in terms of one reality; this reality, when isolated in context, can be measured and understood, a perspective known as positivism (Gay & Airasian, 1999). Quantitative researchers are those who find themselves "treat(ing) their objects of study as having an existence independent of themselves and without any intrinsic meaning" (Huysamen, 1997). The Differing Characteristics of Qualitative Research: Somewhat in contrast to quantitative research is the practice of qualitative research. Whereas quantitative research is positivist in its outlook, qualitative research has a non-positivist perspective; this theory holds the view that the world itself is made up of different people with different perspectives and therefore, has many different meanings and contexts. While quantitative researchers work mostly with numerical data, qualitative researchers use mainly "non-numerical data such as observations, interviews, and other more discursive sources of information" (Gay & Airasian, 1999). Another difference between the two types of research is that where quantitative research seeks to find evidence which supports or does not support an existing hypothesis, "qualitative designs allow the hypotheses to emer... ...vey Isn't Research." Counselor Education and Supervision, 31, 194-195. Gay, L. R., & Airasian, Peter. (1999). Educational Research: Competencies for Analysis and Application, Sixth Edition, Upper Saddle River, NJ: Merrill. Huysamen, G. K. (1997, March). "Parallels Between Qualitative Research and Sequentially Performed Quantitative Research." South African Journal of Psychology, 27, 1-8. Johnson, R. Burke. (1997). "Examining the Validity Structure of Qualitative Research." Education, 118, 282-293. McCullough, Dick. (1997). Quantitative vs. Qualitative Marketing Research. [Online]. Retrieved September 18, 1999 from the World Wide Web: http://www.macroinc.com/articles/ Urban Wallace & Associates. (1995). Quantitative Research. [Online]. Retrieved September 18, 1999 from the World Wide Web:http://www.uwa.com/marketing/consultants/homepage.htm#Questions

Essay --

Jason Obertin-Andersen Impact of theft on consumers and businesses I think that shoplifting is a growing problem in today's society. I believe that the temptation of not paying for something is very big factor in why people steal. Shoplifters perceive shoplifting as a form of self nourishment or as a way to relieve fear or pain in their life. In truth, shoplifting is self-destructive not self-nourishing, but shoplifters often can’t see the paradox (slp). A person's addiction to shoplifting can develop quickly when the excitement generated from "getting away with it" produces a chemical reaction adrenaline resulting in what shoplifters describe as an incredible "rush" or "high" feeling, which many shoplifters will tell you is the "true reward," rather than the merchandise itself (slp). The perpetrator of shoplifting thinks he his getting a product for free and doesn't realize it's impact on his future or the community. Shoplifting has a wide range of affects on more than just the perpetrator and his future. It negatively affects the merchan t, consumers, prices, law enforcement and the economy. How does shoplifting affect consumers? According to the National Association for Shoplifting Prevention, â€Å"Shoplifting has become one of the most prevalent crimes in the U.S., averaging about 550,000 incidents per day resulting in more than $13 billion worth of goods being stolen from retailers each year. That is more than 35 million dollars in losses per day. Current estimates are as high as 1 in 11 Americans shoplift in our nation today. Even with all the advances in security measures, shoplifters are only caught once in 49 times they steal and when caught, turned over to the police only 50% of the time. What most people don’t real... ...ation, said that the overriding concern is not endangering employees or customers around them when trying to confront shoplifting. The policy at most major retailers is to simply let the thief go if he or she does not comply with more passive anti-theft maneuvers, such as friendly inquiries as to whether the suspected shoplifter can be helped while in the store. This means that by and large, low-level criminals are simply left undisturbed, in order to avoid escalating costs and liability. Police officers and the court system are concerned with all sorts of different crimes, and the focus is mainly on the crimes that most severely impact their communities. While shoplifting may seem a minor offense in comparison to other crimes, it is still important to realize the impact that shoplifting has on the law enforcement agencies, the community and even on the shoplifter.

War of 1812 :: essays research papers

List and discuss the events leading up to the War of 1812 and the impact it had on American and Great Britain relations, and the American economy. During Jefferson’s second term in office, fighting between Great Britain and France was posed as a threat to American shipping. Napoleon made the decision to exclude British goods from Europe. As a result, Great Britain decided to blockade Europe and prevent ships from entering or leaving the country. A year later, Britain confiscated American cargoes and seized more than a thousand American ships. France had seized about five hundred American ships as well. America’s anger began to focus mainly on the British, even though France was also involved. This was because of the British policy of impressments. The British decided to capture American sailors, or draft them into the British navy. Also, in 1807, the commander of a British warship insisted on boarding and searching the United States naval frigate Chesapeake. When a United States captain refused to allow him onboard, the British killed three Americans and wounded eighteen. As a result, Jefferson convinced Congress to declare an embargo and ban exporting products to other countries. The Embargo Act of 1807 was eventually lifted in 1809 because it stifled American business. A group of young congressmen, known as the war hawks, were angered by the presence of Native Americans in the Indiana territory. Trobule began when General William Henry Harrison persuaded several Native American chiefs to sign away three million acres of tribal land to the United States government. A confederacy of Native Americans began to organize a fight for their homeland against intruding white settlers. This was lead by Shawnee Chief Tecumseh. Tecumseh’s brother lead the Shawnee in an attack on Harrison, but was defeated. When the war hawks found out that the confederacy was using arms from British Canada, they again called for war. James Madison, another Virginia Republican, declared war against Britain in 1812. He believed that Britain was trying to strangle American trade and weaken the American economy.

British Imperialism Essay

Jordan Shiber Pd. 5 European Imperialism in parts of the Middle East, Africa, and Asia had a more positive impact on the world. The three main reasons I say this is one, Europeans truly thought they were doing good by imposing on other countries. They thought buy bringing in new cultures and traditions the country would be better off and it would benefit them and the country there are imposing on because both countries would be together and the country taking them over would have new and useful resources and the country being taken over would be a part of the European success and gain new ideas and a way of life.Jules Ferry said, â€Å"something else is needed for France:†¦that she must also be a great country exercising all of her rightful influence over the destiny of Europe, that she ought to propagate this influence throughout the world and carry everywhere that she can her language, her customs, her flag, her arms, and her genius†. (Beck 351) This translates to basic ally the definition of assimilation, or influencing a country using your customs, traditions, and way of life.Second, European countries were more modernized than African countries so by invading they are helping to modernize Africa. Just look at Africa today compared to back then especially South Africa, they are extremely modernized other than the desert parts. Lastly, the invasion of European countries gave the Africans more job opportunities which helped their economy. Before I get into the individual countries positive affects, think about Social Darwinism or basically survival of the fittest.If a country is too weak to defend itself and another country can take it over and successfully run the country, they should be able to without any complaints. To start off, the Europeans thought that they were actually good by invading Africa and imposing their ideas on them. They thought by bringing in new ideas and traditions it would actually benefit the Africans. Also, really good inf rastructure was built throughout Africa. Next, Africa and other places werent as modernized as Europe. Africans decided they had to adjust to the modern world or be consumed by it.The invasion of Europeans basically influenced them to change and become more like the rest of the world. In 1831, Muhammad Ali gained control of Syria and Arabia. He began a series of reforms in the military and in the economy. The Suez Canal’s construction was supported by his grandson, Ismail. The European influenced is what caused this canal to be built along with any other reform in Egypt. Egypt wanted to basically show their dominance by gaining power. This is a positive effect because other countries are starting to make themselves stronger.The final reason that European imperialism had a more positive impact on the world was that it gave out more job opportunities to those being invaded and helped the countries econmy and its way of life. Some examples of job created due to the invasion are servants,labourers on infrastructure projects, and soldiers in colonial armies. Also, local warfare was reduced and new hospitals and schools were provided. Another thing is richer families could send their children or even themselves to Europe so they could get a way better education.To conclude European Imperialism in parts of the Middle East, Africa, and Asia, I would say it had a more positive effect. Europeans thought they were doing something good by imposing on other countries. They thought it was a good idea to bring in their way of life and influence the other people. Second, imperialism in Africa influenced some countries so not just sit back and let it be but to show their power and dominance. Lastly, imperialism created more job opportunities and helped out the country itself.Dadabhi Naoroji said â€Å"The genius and spirit of the British people is fair play and justice†. (Beck 351) This means is was okay for the British to do what they are doing. This is how Euro pean Imperialism in parts of the Middle East, Africa, and Asia had a more positive impact on the world. MLA Citations: Beck, Roger B. Modern World History: Patterns of Interaction. Evanston, IL: McDougal Littell, 2005. Print. Fieldhouse, David K. â€Å"Western Imperialism in the Middle East, 1914A? A? A? 1958. † Western Imperialism in the Middle East, 1914A? A? A? 1958. N. p. , n. d. Web. 14 Feb. 2013.